Merapi is the name of a volcano in Central Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia is still very active today. Since the year 1548, this mountain has erupted 68 times as much. Located quite close to the city of Yogyakarta and there are still villages on its slopes to a height of 1700 m. For people in the venue, Merapi brings material blessing of sand, whereas for the local government, Mount Merapi, a tourist attraction for tourists. Merapi is now included in the National Park area of Mount Merapi.
Mount Merapi is the youngest in a collection of volcanoes in the southern part of Java Island. The mountain is located in the subduction zone, where the Indo-Australian plate continues to move down the Eurasian Plate. The eruption in the area lasted from 400,000 years ago, and up to 10,000 years ago kind of eruption is effusive. After that, the eruptions become explosive, with lava flows that cause thick lava domes. Small eruptions occur every 2-3 years, and the larger about 10-15 years. Merapi eruptions big impact among others in the years 1006, 1786, 1822, 1872, and 1930. Large eruption in 1006 made the whole central part of Java island shrouded in gray. It is estimated, the eruption caused the Ancient Mataram Kingdom should move to East Java.
Eruption in 1930 destroyed 13 villages and killed 1400 people. The eruption in November 1994 causing clouds blowing heat down to reach some villages and claimed dozens of human lives. July 19, 1998 eruption is big enough but it pointed up so it does not take casualties. Note the last eruption of this mountain was in 2001-2003 in the form of high activity are ongoing.
Volcanic eruption cycle:
Chronology 1.
Beginning with a small explosion as the extrusion of lava. The main phase of formation kubahlava until you reach a big volume and then stopped. This cycle ends with the process of incandescent lava from the dome, sometimes accompanied by small awanpanas lasting up to months.
Chronology 2.
Kubahlava already been formed before the summit. The main phase of eruption type vulkanian and destroy the existing dome and generate awanpanas. Chronology 2 is ended with a new dome growth. The new dome through other places in the top or around the peak or dome that grew in the former dilongsorkan earlier.
Chronology 3.
Similar to the chronology 2, the difference is there is no dome on top, but the crater blocked. As a result the main phase occurred with the eruption vulkanian awanpanas accompanied by large (type St. Vincent?). As the final phase will terbentu new dome.
Chronology 4.
Starting with small eruptions and continues with the formation of sumbatlava as the primary phase followed by a large vertical eruption accompanied awanpanas and high eruption of smoke that is the last phase.
Almost every eruption of Mount Merapi, particularly since one looks closely at the beginning of the 80s, always preceded by clear symptoms. In general, increased activity is typically preceded by volcanic earthquakes terekamnya-in (type A) followed the appearance of volcanic earthquakes-shallow (type B) as the realization of fluid migration toward the surface. When the dome began to form, many earthquake phase (MP) began to be recorded, followed by increasingly large number of earthquake-miscarriages caused by rising lava. In such circumstances, the body Merapi began to push and expand the monitored with observations of deformation.
Route Ascent
Mount Merapi is the object of a popular climb. The most common route is through the side and near north of Selo, one district in Boyolali district, Central Java, which lies between Mount Merapi and Mount Merbabu. Climbing through Selo takes an average of 5 hours to the summit. Another popular channel is through Kaliurang, Pakem District, Sleman District, Yogyakarta on the southern side. This path is more steep and takes about 6-7 hours to the summit. Another alternative route is through the northwest side, starting from Sawangan, Magelang regency, Central Java, and through the southeast, the direction of pure-bred, Kemalang District, Klaten Regency, Central Java.
MERAPI MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK HISTORY
Mount Merapi forest area is state forest land, valuable and strategically important because it serves as a water catchment area for the benefit of the surrounding area and is a type of tropical forest with a condition that is very active volcano. Forest area was previously an area that serves as protection forest entirely, except for an area of 198.5 hectares located in Sleman regency have been designated as a Nature Reserve Plawangan Turgo and covering 131 hectares as a Forest Nature Park which is based on the Decree of Agriculture Ministry No.155/Kpts / Um/8/1975. Protected Forest Area within the local administrative area covering 1461 ha Province of Yogyakarta.
Appointment of Forest Area as a National Park Mount Merapi Mount Merapi in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Forestry No. 134/Menhut-II/2004 about changes Function Protected Forest Area, Nature Reserve and Nature Park on Mount Merapi Forest Group of ± 6410 ha, located in Magelang District, Boyolali and Klaten in Central Java Province, and Sleman District, Province of Special Region Yogyakarta.
